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TUESDAY, DECEMBER 27, 2011 - DENMAS PRIYADI BLOG : If a form is presented theatrical traditions of cultures outside of their home environment, then the audience will tend to appreciate it as something exotic: not a mediocre. Meanwhile, in his own environment he was accepted as something that is not weird. From here it appears there are two demands the development of theatrical tradition. The fans from outside the neighborhood wanted the maintenance of a distinctive style; are the fans from within their own environment, besides who wants to remain safe in the caresses of the style that has been very intimately known, there is also always wanted a development in terms of changes or additions in accordance with the "development age ".
One element that seems widely regarded as "necessary adjustments with the times" is the way nature and role Bahaa. Acting teateral declamation and Indonesian-style right into a kind of new requirements coming into the theater tradition. Such a case is found for example in samanda performances (theatrical mamanda) of East Kalimantan Festival brought to Jakarta. The language used by pelakonnya was almost completely "cleansed" of the elements of regional dialects and speech styles that should actually coloring the theatrical tradition of the area. Tendency of "adjustment" as it is also seen in Makyong of Riau and West Kalimantan Mendu from. Need to be identified further, if something like that caused by "coaching" by the orientation of the art theater "modern" or by the influence of the film.
Theatrical forms of Malay tradition is potentially threatened by the danger of standardization, it is precisely because it has roots in common with the national language of Indonesia today. A standardized national language had to be asserted its existence, whether it's pronunciation, vocabulary and rules. He must be held in a large environment, such as official circles of environmental governance, the education community and among scientists. But the market and theater traditions need to be given autonomy to enjoy his own language, with all krkhasan vocabulary, pronunciation and rules. Without the distinctiveness that the traditional theater forms like royalty, makyong, supportive, mamanda, demuluk and so it can lose the most important part of the elements of his style.
The people are so far the audience's desire to maintain and develop the tradition of theatrical style. However, should be prevented Klau culprit itself requires "updating" with the outside world, which is national or international? As for who will be their choice, or choice of society, or the choice of the Trustees of the capital, will become part of history. But all must be done to keep it animated by interest and desires, and fulfill the need for expression and reflection.
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2011 - DENMAS PRIYADI BLOG : Slower than the traditional dances that have been introduced in Unity in Diversity forum since the 1950's on August 17 events, theater tradition beginning exposition in a similar forum in 1977 when first the Directorate of Arts in collaboration with the Jakarta Arts Council collect six forms of theatrical traditions from various regions to berpentas together in TIM (Taman Ismail Marjuki). This time, at the end of 1980, both attended the same institution effort with 7 forms of theatrical traditions and 6 forms of art from various regions said. Apart from all the shortcomings and limitations, this business is significant as an attempt to cause the situation to know each other.
Theatrical tradition is part of reality in the world of Indonesian art. In most cases, he found living in two worlds cultural environment. On the one hand he was raised by a particular culture, which in the context of Indonesian nationalism, this is called cultural areas that have a number of traits that fostered through the constancy of tradition. On the other hand, he also adapted and reshaped by the needs of a stretch of the broader culture, which does not merely embrace the taste of his native tradition. From this situation arises the first problem: theater traditions for whom?
Theatrical tradition has undergone a shift in ownership. If at first he only felt as a group owned by supporters of a particular culture, they now are from other areas are encouraged to have a sense of ownership over it anyway. Legitimately have stated that the culture of Indonesia is the entire regional cultures (plus everything that grows in this country but outside the context of local cultures). Thus, an issue both may also appear here: theater traditions of a culture area can earn income on the taste or concepts from other areas of culture. And a wider door opening also allows the entry of the ideas and tastes of other States. Things like that has happened so often in the past and definitely still a lot will happen in the days to come.
These changes occur not solely caused by a circle holding a type of theatrical tradition becomes more widespread, but it could also be due to humans supporting local culture itself has changed: due to changes in the way of life, because the change of generations. In this case there was an internal development in the theatrical tradition is concerned, where the factor determining the changes that most of the talking is saturation and berpetualan. The conditions of these internal balance shows the difference between the saturation factor and adventure on the one hand, with violence on the other factors are in one values the beauty of a well-established and safe.
Changes in society and culture has brought the tradition to experience theater and also the changes in form and concept. Technical and conceptual developments are not infrequently accompanied by Changes inprocedural and organizational.
Then the third problem that arises is the problem of Art History, where the elements that tend to persist and persist, and whether the dynamic elements are the same on every form of theatrical tradition. (Reference: GROWTH ART SHOW / Edi Sedyawati / Rays hope th. 2000)
NOTE:
1) Traditional Theatre Week 1977, featuring: ketoprak ongkek (Yogya), ubruk (West Java), mamanda (South Kalimantan), supportive (Riau) and mask prembom (Bali).
2) In 1980, the adjacent two occasions, namely the Comparative Study of Theatre speak on 2-3 November and the People's Performing Arts Festival on December 10 to 14, has shown: a) Seven forms of theatrical tradition, namely: ketoprak ongkek (Yoya), makyong (Riau), ludruk made (East Java
Java), dulmuluk (South Sumatra), supportive (West Kalimantan), puppet gong (South Kalimantan), Sandiman / theatrical mamanda (East Kalimantan), and Cupak-Grantang (Lombok) and Anggun Nan Tongga (Minang) which are both referred to as ballet.
b) Six-spoken art form, namely: plash (Lombok), cekepung (Bali), sinrili (South Sulawesi), puppeteer jemblung (Central Java), templing / kentrung (East Java) and warahan (Lampung).
“Bilingualism” Teater Tradisi Kini by Prof. Dr. Edi Sedyawati
Lebih lambat dari tari-tarian tradisi yang sudah mulai diperkenalkan di forum Bhineka Tunggal Ika sejak tahun 1950-an pada acara-acara 17 Agustus, teater tradisi baru mulai eksposisinya dalam forum serupa pada tahun 1977 ketika pertama kali Direktorat Kesenian bekerja sama dengan Dewan Kesenian Jakarta mengumpulkan enam bentuk teater tradisi dari berbagai daerah untuk berpentas bersama di TIM (Taman Ismail Marjuki). Kali ini, di akhir 1980, kedua lembaga yang sama mengusahakan hadir bersamanya 7 bentuk teater tradisi dan 6 bentuk seni tutur dari berbagai daerah. Lepas dari segala kekurangan dan keterbatasannya, usaha ini cukup berarti sebagai upaya untuk menimbulkan situasi saling kenal.
Teater tradisi merupakan sebagian dari kenyataan dalam dunia kesenian Indonesia. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, ia terdapat hidup dalam lingkungan dua alam budaya. Di satu pihak ia ditumbuhkan oleh suatu kebudayaan tertentu, yang dalam konteks kenasionalan Indonesia, ini disebut kebudayaan daerah yang mempunyai sejumlah ciri khas yang dibina lewat keajegan tradisi. Di pihak lain, ia juga disadur dan dibentuk kembali oleh kebutuhan suatu hamparan kebudayaan yang lebih luas, yang tidak semata-mata menganut cita rasa tradisi asalnya. Dari situasi ini timbul masalah pertama: teater tradisi untuk siapa?
Teater tradisi telah mengalami pergeseran kepemilikan. Kalau semula ia hanya dirasakan sebagai milik oleh suatu kelompok pendukung kebudayaan tertentu, kini mereka yang dari daerah lain pun didorong untuk mempunyai rasa kepemilikan pula atasnya. Secara sah telah dinyatakan bahwa kebudayaan Indonesia adalah keseluruhan kebudayaan-kebudayaan daerah (ditambah segala yang tumbuh di negeri ini tetapi di luar konteks kebudayaan-kebudayaan daerah). Maka, maslah kedua dapat pula tampil di sini: teater tradisi dari suatu kebudayaan daerah dapat memperoleh pemasukan cita rasa ataupun konsep-konsep dari kebudayaan daerah lain. Dan suatu pembukaan pintu lebih lebar memungkinkan pula masuknya gagasan-gagasan dan cita rasa dari Negara-negara lain. Hal seperti itu sudah sering terjadi di masa lalu dan pasti masih banyak akan terjadi pula di masa yang akan datang.
Perubahan-perubahan terjadi bukan semata-mata disebabkan karena lingkaran pemilikan suatu jenis teater tradisi menjadi lebih luas, tetapi bisa pula karena manusia-manusia pendukung kebudayaan daerah itu sendiri telah berubah: karena perubahan cara hidup, karena pergantian generasi. Dalam hal ini terjadilah suatu perkembangan internal di dalam teater tradisi yang bersangkutan, dimana factor penentu perubahan yang paling banyak bicara adalah kejenuhan dan berpetualan. Kondisi-kondisi internal ini memperlihatkan perbedaan perimbangan antara factor kejenuhan dan petualangan di satu pihak, dengan di pihak lain factor kekerasan berada dalam satu tata nilai keindahan yang mapan dan aman.
Perubahan-perubahan masyarakat dan budaya telah membawa serta teater tradisi untuk mengalami juga perubahan-perubahan dalam bentuk maupun konsep. Perkembangan teknis dan konseptual tidak jarang disertai pula dengan perubahan-perubahan procedural dan organisatoris.
Maka masalah ketiga yang timbul adalah masalah Sejarah Kesenian, unsure-unsur mana yang cenderung untuk menetap dan bertahan, dan apakah dinamik unsur-unsur ini sama pada setiap bentuk teater tradisi. Dalam ulasan ini penulis dengan sengaja tidak menggunakan intilah “pertunjukan rakyat”, karena kata “rakyat” itu dapat diartikan dengan berbagai cara. Kata itu dapat merupakan lawan dari feodal atau istana. Kalaupun definisinya ditetapkan, toh tidak akan praktis untuk pembicaraan sekarang, karena dalam kenyataan, suatu bentuk teater atau bentuk tari dapat berubah dari bersifat rakyat menjadi tidak, atau sebaliknya. Maka istilah “teater tradisi” saja yang dipakai, dengan batasan yang cukup luas pula, teater yang terkait pada tradisi, atau yang mempunyai tradisi.(Referensi: PERTUMBUHAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN/Edi Sedyawati/Sinar Harapan th. 2000)
CATATAN :
1)Pekan Teater Tradisional tahun 1977 menampilkan: ketoprak ongkek (Yogya), ubruk (Jawa Barat), mamanda (Kalimantan Selatan), mendu (Riau) dan topeng prembom (Bali).
2)Pada tahun 1980, dalam dua kesempatan yang berdekatan, yaitu Studi Perbandingan Teater Bertutur tanggal 2 – 3 Nopember dan Festival Seni Pertunjukan Rakyat tanggal 10 – 14 Desember, telah ditampilkan:
a)Tujuh bentuk teater tradisi, yaitu: ketoprak ongkek (Yoya), makyong (Riau), ludruk besutan (Jawa Timur), dulmuluk (Sumatera Selatan), mendu (Kalimantan Barat), wayang gong (Kalimantan Selatan), sandiman/sandiwara mamanda (Kalimantan Timur), serta Cupak-Grantang (Lombok) dan Anggun Nan Tongga (Minang) yang keduanya disebut dengan istilah sendratari.
b)Enam bentuk seni bertutur, yaitu: cepung (Lombok), cekepung (Bali), sinrili (Sulawesi Selatan), dalang jemblung (Jawa Tengah), templing/kentrung (Jawa Timur) dan warahan (Lampung)